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Journal Articles

Effect of soil organic matter on the fate of $$^{137}$$Cs vertical distribution in forest soils

Koarashi, Jun; Atarashi-Andoh, Mariko; Nishimura, Shusaku

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 262, p.115177_1 - 115177_9, 2023/09

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115177
 Times Cited Count：0 Percentile：0.01(Environmental Sciences)

Predicting the fate of radiocesium ($$^{137}$$Cs) vertical distribution in Japanese forest soils is key to assessing the radioecological consequences of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. It is well documented that in mineral soil, the $$^{137}$$Cs behavior is mostly governed by interaction with clay minerals; however, observations have also been accumulated suggesting the role of soil organic matter (SOM) in enhancing the mobility of $$^{137}$$Cs. Here, we hypothesized that soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration profile determines the ultimate vertical distribution of $$^{137}$$Cs in Japanese forest soils. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the detailed vertical distributions of $$^{137}$$Cs in four Japanese forest soils with varying SOC concentration profiles roughly half a century after global fallout in the early 1960s. Results revealed that $$^{137}$$Cs retention ratios in each of 2-cm thick soil layers were negatively correlated with SOC concentrations of the layers, across all soils and depths. This demonstrates that the long-term fate of $$^{137}$$Cs vertical distribution is predictable as a function of SOC concentration for Japanese forest soils.

Journal Articles

Plastic-associated metal(loid)s in the urban river environments of Mongolia

Battulga, B.; Atarashi-Andoh, Mariko; Koarashi, Jun; Bolormaa, O.*; Kawahigashi, Masayuki*

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 261, p.115100_1 - 115100_10, 2023/08

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115100
 Times Cited Count：0 Percentile：0.01(Environmental Sciences)

The widespread distribution of plastic debris in the riverine environment is one of the major concerns of environmental pollution because of its potential impact on the aquatic ecosystem. In this study, we investigated accumulation of metal(loid)s on polystyrene foam (PSF) plastics collected from the Tuul River shore of Mongolia. Sorbed metal(loid)s on plastics have been extracted from collected PSF by sonication after peroxide oxidation. Size-dependent association of metal(loid)s indicated that PSFs act as vectors for the pollutants in the urban river environment. In addition, images from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated not only the degraded surface of plastics showing fractures, holes, and pits, but also adhered mineral particles and microorganisms on PSFs. Interaction of metal(loid)s with plastics may be facilitated by altered surface physical and chemical properties of the plastics through photodegradation followed by an increase in surface area by size reduction and/or biofilm development in the aquatic environment. Enrichment ratio (ER) of metals on PSF samples suggested continuous accumulation of heavy metals on plastics. Our results demonstrate that the widespread plastic debris could be one of the carriers for hazardous chemicals in the environment. Since the influences of plastic debris on environmental health are major concerns to be solved, the fate and behavior of hetero-aggregates of plastics in aquatic environments should be continuously studied.

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